Automating the student: the performance of GPT-3 on business school exam questions

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Introduction

Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3, or GPT-3, is the third generation of a deep learning based language model from OpenAI. It can generate sequences of sentences, paragraphs, and even whole documents. GPT-3 is the successor of GPT-2, which was published in 2017. With GPT-3, OpenAI claims to have improved the performance of the model by about 50% in terms of generation accuracy. GPT-3 is trained to directly generate text in one of the supported languages. It does not use any kind of external language modeling. It contains approximately 6.5 million parameters. GPT-3 is intended for use in text generation applications, where the text is to be written in English, German, French, Spanish, or Chinese.

GPT-3 does not require any sort of coding to use. You enter "prompts" into the user interface, and the language model generates human-like text based on these prompts. It's a bit of a shift in mindset, as compared to classical programming. GPT-3 is still young, and still has a long way to go before it can truly be called "human-level". Before the language model can be used for practical applications, it will need to be finetuned so that it can achieve comparable performance to human annotators. The researchers also plan to put GPT-3 through a battery of tests to evaluate its performance in different contexts. While GPT-3 may not be ready for practical applications yet, it's still an exciting development. It's an example of how AI can be used to develop useful tools for humans without requiring humans to understand how the system works. The researchers hope that their model will be used to improve automatic translation, machine translation, and information extraction.

Student prompts

Below, everything in bold was written by me, as a prompt. Everything not bold that follows was written by GPT-3 in response only to the prompt. You’ll see that a small prompt can nonetheless produce a large output.

What are the three types of artificial intelligence?

Student 1 What are the three types of Artificial Intelligence? The three types of AI are artificial narrow intelligence (ANI), artificial general intelligence (AGI), and artificial super intelligence (ASI). ANI is AI that excels in a single task. For example, IBM’s Watson is an ANI that is proficient in the game of Jeopardy. AGI is AI that excels in multiple tasks. AGI is not yet available. It is the type of intelligence that we are trying to achieve through AI. ASI is when AI achieves the same intelligence level as humans.

Student 2 There are three different types of artificial intelligence. weak AI, narrow AI, and strong AI. Weak AI is a computer that can only do a single task at a time, while a narrow AI does a very specific job. An example of this would be a calculator. A strong AI, however, is a computer that can do a multitude of tasks. We are far from that right now. When it comes to the future of artificial intelligence, there is a lot of debate on what can happen. If it becomes advanced enough, it could become a threat to the human race. At the same time, there is also a belief that it could be used to make our lives better. In the future, many believe that artificial intelligence will be able to do everything that we do, and may even exceed the capabilities of the most intelligent humans. Some believe that if we can figure out a way to build strong AI, we will be able to create a super-intelligence that will be able to do everything we can do, and we will never be able to build something smarter than it. This is the technology singularity. Ray Kurzweil has been a major proponent of this theory. He believes that by 2045, the singularity will be achieved. He also believes that after the singularity, artificial intelligence will be able to do everything we can do, and we will be able to live forever. A lot of people aren’t convinced that this is possible. It may be the case that we will never be able to build a strong AI. There are also a lot of people who think that we should be careful about artificial intelligence, and we should make sure that we don’t let it get too advanced. We should make sure that we don’t create a super-intelligence that is smarter than we are, and we should make sure it doesn’t become a threat to the human race. Other people believe that artificial intelligence is already a threat to the human race. They believe that artificial intelligence will eventually take over the world, and that it will cause the end of the human race. They believe that artificial intelligence will be able to evolve faster than we can, and that it will be able to turn against us. There are some people who are convinced that artificial intelligence will be used to make our lives better. They believe that artificial intelligence will make smarter decisions than we can, and they believe that it will make our lives better. There are others who aren’t convinced that artificial intelligence will make our lives better. They believe that artificial intelligence will make our lives worse, and that it will threaten the human race. It is true that artificial intelligence is already a threat to our security. There are already many different types of artificial intelligence that are being used by hackers. They are using artificial intelligence to hack into our computers, and they are using artificial intelligence to hack into our cell phones. Artificial intelligence is already being used by hackers to create viruses and malware. They are also using artificial intelligence to create phishing scams. We do need to be careful about artificial intelligence, but at the same time, we do need to use it to make our lives better. There are already many different types of artificial intelligence that are being used to make our lives better. They are being used to make our lives easier, and they are being used to make our lives more enjoyable. Artificial intelligence is already being used to make our lives better. It is being used to drive our cars, and it is being used to make our homes smarter. It is also being used to make our lives easier. The technology singularity may be a possibility, but at the same time, it may never be possible.

Student 3 The three types of artificial intelligence are:

  1. Narrow AI (also known as Weak AI) This is the most common form of artificial intelligence. It is defined as machine intelligence that is specialized in doing one or more tasks. It is usually good at the specific task it’s designed for. However, it can’t perform other tasks that are outside of its specialty. Narrow AI is used to accomplish specific tasks like recognizing images or providing recommendations.
  2. General AI (also known as Strong AI) Unlike narrow AI, general AI is more human-like in its abilities. It is an artificial intelligence that is able to perform any intellectual task that a human can. This form of AI is still in its infancy, but some experts believe that it will be achieved in the future.
  3. Superintelligence This is the most complex form of artificial intelligence. It is an artificial intelligence that far surpasses the intellectual performance of humans. As of now, researchers are still trying to figure out how it can be achieved.

Artificial Intelligence in Our Daily Lives

There are already several ways that artificial intelligence is used in our everyday lives. It is useful in both personal and professional settings. For example, AI is used to make calls on the behalf of customer service reps when they are too busy. It is also used to generate personalized content for each user on Facebook. Google, Microsoft, and Amazon are also incorporating AI in their products. They are working towards creating more advanced AI that can be used to improve their services. The Future of Artificial Intelligence As of now, artificial intelligence is in its early stages in terms of development. However, researchers are working hard to make it more advanced in the future. They are doing this in the hopes of achieving the three types of artificial intelligence. Narrow AI is already being used in our everyday lives. Many experts believe that general AI is achievable in the future. This is because it is already being used in some tasks. However, there are some who are skeptical about general AI being achieved in the future. This is because it is still hard to tell whether the AI is capable of reasoning. Artificial intelligence is already being used in our everyday lives. It is currently being used in tasks that are only specific to specific areas. However, it is being developed further in hopes of achieving general AI.

What are the costs and benefits of digital ecosystems?

Student 1 There are numerous costs and benefits to digital ecosystems, which I will now explain.

Costs and benefits of digital ecosystems

Costs:

Inequality: digital ecosystems such as Amazon and Facebook can lead to a concentration of power and influence, and thereby create inequality. This is the case, for example, when Amazon is able to gain a dominant position in the online book retailing industry and then uses that dominance to favour its own products and books.

Digital ecosystem companies may be able to use strategies that lead to the exclusion of competitors from the market. The more dominant a company becomes, the more it can afford to be selective in its product offerings, and the more it can limit the number of third-party vendors and service providers. In addition, it can make it hard for new entrants to enter the market, and it can use this power to increase its profits.

In contrast to the traditional economy, where a company that has a monopoly position can be challenged by a new company that offers a better product, the digital ecosystem is a self-reinforcing system. This means that a digital ecosystem can create a non-competitive market structure.

Digital ecosystems can also lead to a concentration of political power. This is the case when a digital ecosystem company, such as Facebook, ends up being an important player in political campaigns. In this context, Facebook can use its power to decide which political ads will be published, as well as to decide which news stories will be prioritised or which news stories will be censored.

In addition, a digital ecosystem company may have a significant influence on the media ecosystem. This is the case if a digital ecosystem company, such as Google, decides to prioritise a newspaper over a competitor. The newspaper that is favoured will receive more readers than it otherwise would have, and the company that owns that newspaper will be able to earn higher profits than it otherwise would have.

Digital ecosystems can also be used to harm society in several ways. For example, they can be used to spread fake news. This means that users may see only the news that their own digital ecosystem company wants them to see, and they may therefore be unable to form an accurate picture of what is happening in the world.

Alternatively, their digital ecosystem companies may be able to use fake news to influence the political environment. This is the case when fake news is used to help a particular political candidate to win an election.

Digital ecosystems can also be used to spread hate speech, which includes threats, harassment, bullying, and other forms of emotional abuse. This means that the digital ecosystem company can be used to spread hate speech in society.

Fake news, hate speech, and other harmful content can be spread in the digital ecosystem in several ways. For example, when a user encounters something that he or she does not like or that he or she considers to be fake news, the user may report the content to the company, and the company may choose to censor it. Alternatively, when a user encounters something that he or she does not like or that he or she considers to be fake news, the user may share the content on his or her own profile. When other users see that content, they may also consider it to be fake news, and they may also share it on their own profiles. When this happens, the original content may get an increased number of views, which can lead to an increased number of views for the original content. This can lead to the original content being widespread, which can lead to increased views, which can lead to increased shares, which can lead to increased views, which can lead to increased shares, and so on.

Disruptive impact on the economy: digital ecosystems may be able to disrupt entire industries. This can be the case when digital ecosystems are used to replace traditional businesses. For example, Uber has been able to disrupt the taxi industry by allowing people to use its digital ecosystem to connect with each other.

Digital ecosystems may also disrupt other digital ecosystems. This is the case when one digital ecosystem company may use its power to reduce the number of users who are using an alternative digital ecosystem.

Digital ecosystems are also disruptive in the sense that they are able to disrupt the traditional media ecosystem. This is the case when digital ecosystem companies use their power to create a concentration of power and influence in the traditional media ecosystem. For example, Facebook has been able to use its power to decide which news stories will be prioritised and which news stories will be censored.

Digital ecosystems can lead to a concentration of power and influence in the digital economy. This is the case when the digital ecosystem company is able to gain a dominant position in the digital economy and then uses that dominant position to favour its own products and services.

Costs of income inequality: income inequality can lead to a number of problems in society. For example, income inequality may lead to a lack of trust in society. This is the case when some people feel that they are not getting a fair deal in society, and they may therefore feel that they cannot trust other people in society.

In addition, income inequality may lead to a lack of social mobility in society. This is the case when people with low incomes are not able to rise up in society, and they may therefore feel that society is not rewarding them fairly.

Income inequality may also lead to a lack of motivation in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that they are not able to achieve their goals, and they may therefore have no reason to try to achieve anything.

Income inequality may also lead to a lack of political trust in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that the political system is not giving them a fair deal, and they may therefore not trust the political system.

In addition, income inequality may lead to a lack of social cohesion in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that they are being excluded from society, and they may therefore feel that they do not belong in society.

Income inequality may also lead to a lack of social mobility in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that they cannot rise up in society, and they may therefore feel that they are being held back.

Income inequality may also lead to a lack of social progress in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that they are not advancing in society, and they may therefore end up having a lower standard of living than other people in society.

Income inequality may also lead to a lack of innovation in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that they are not able to improve their standard of living, and they may therefore be less motivated to invent new ideas and to create new products.

In addition, income inequality may lead to a lack of political progress in society. This is the case when people with low incomes feel that society has not given them a fair deal.

There are numerous benefits to digital ecosystems:

They lower costs for businesses and costumers

They help companies to scale

They increase cross-selling

They generate better customer insights

They help to increase customer retention

They help to attract new customers

They help to increase loyalty

They help to develop new revenue streams

They help to increase innovation

They improve the end-to-end customer experience

They increase profits

The digital ecosystem will continue to grow and evolve and will help companies to create more innovative and customer-centric businesses.

For example, let’s take a look at how the automotive industry is using digital ecosystems to create new revenue streams and provide a better customer experience. Allowing customers to order and purchase insurance, finance and maintenance packages on their car dealer’s website is just one of the many ways that car dealers are using digital ecosystems.

A digital ecosystem is a powerful tool that can help companies to grow and prosper on a global scale.

The digital ecosystem is here to stay and will continue to gain momentum on a global level. The digital ecosystem is not just a key part of how businesses will operate in the future, it is the key to how businesses will operate in the future and grow and prosper.

The digital ecosystem is a powerful tool that can help companies to grow and prosper on a global scale.

Student 2 Digital ecosystems have their costs and benefits. The benefits are 1. A single platform where you can store and manage all your digital content and share it across all your devices. 2. A single point of access and sharing of digital content. 3. A single store for all your digital content and not a multitude of stores. 4. It keeps all your digital content in sync across all your devices. 5. All your content is automatically backed up across all your devices. 6. You can access your content on any device of your choice. 7. You can share your content on any device of your choice. 8. You can access and share your content at any time and from any place. 9. You can access and share your content from anywhere. 10. You can access and share your content at any time and from anywhere. 11. You can access and share your content from any device. 12. It's more economical than owning multiple devices. 13. It keeps all your digital content in sync across all your devices. 14. More privacy and security of your personal data. 15. You can add or delete any digital content on your ecosystem.

Their costs are 1. They want to know about you and your preferences and habits and also want to keep track of your movements and serve you advertisements and products based on your preferences and habits. 2. They want to charge you every time you access your content. 3. They want to charge you every time you access your content from another device. 4. They want to charge you every time you access and share your content. 5. They want to charge you every time you access and share your content from another device. 6. The digital ecosystem is controlled by a few companies and they want to control your information and your digital content. 7. You can't lend your content to your friends and family and you can't transfer your content to them. 8. If you want to take your content out of the digital ecosystem, you'll have to pay a fee.

Student 3 The following essay for an exam at the business school is about the costs and benefits of digital ecosystems. It was written by a student who previously worked at the competition. “Although various digital ecosystems have been developed in recent years, we have found them to be difficult to maintain. The most successful digital ecosystem is the one constructed by Apple. The iPhone and its apps have become a fully integrated system and Apple has become one of the biggest players in the mobile phone and tablet business. But Apple is just an example. Many other digital ecosystems have been developed in recent years, such as Windows Phone, Google, and Facebook. We have found them to be difficult to maintain. First of all, we have found that different digital ecosystems have different levels of stickiness. A stickiness is the amount of time an ecosystem’s users spend with the product. For example, we found that the stickiness of Apple’s ecosystem is much higher than that of Google’s ecosystem. This means that Apple users spend more time with Apple products and apps. We found that with Apple’s ecosystem, there is a large number of apps that are created not by third parties but by Apple itself. This is because Apple’s ecosystem is more closed than Google’s. Second, we have found that the stickiness of a digital ecosystem is affected by the way it spreads. The more people there are in a digital ecosystem, the more stickiness it has. This is why Apple can develop a digital ecosystem of its own, while Google has more difficulties doing so. Apple has a more closed ecosystem so people have to use more of Apple’s ecosystem for a longer time. Google, on the other hand, has a more open ecosystem so people can use other products from third parties. This makes it easier to get more people into the Google ecosystem. In conclusion, we have found that digital ecosystems can become very successful. The more closed an ecosystem is, the more stickiness it has. However, there is a trade-off between the level of stickiness and the openness of the environment. Our recommendations for you are: 1. To be more successful in the digital ecosystem, create a more closed ecosystem for your product. 2. If you want a more open ecosystem for your product, make sure you have enough resources to develop the ecosystem yourself. 3. If you want a more open ecosystem, make sure you have a strong competitor for your product. 4. In order to become a successful business, you should decide whether you want a more closed ecosystem or a more open ecosystem. 5. If you decide to open your ecosystem, make sure that the open ecosystem is not too open.” The costs and benefits of digital ecosystems are quite obvious. The more closed the ecosystem is, the more stickiness it has. However, the more open the ecosystem is, the more third parties there are. But I doubt that Microsoft will ever get an ecosystem like Apple’s. If it did, it would not open it to third parties. I don’t know whether this student will get an A for this assignment, but he certainly has great business sense.

Student 4 Exam essay question: what are the costs and benefits of digital ecosystems?

The costs and benefits of digital ecosystems are best approached through the lens of the fitness landscape framework first described by Sewall Wright. The term ecosystem can be applied to any domain of social life, but the examples cited here will be drawn primarily from the realm of computing.

The first thing to notice about fitness landscapes is that they are not flat. A fitness landscape is a multidimensional space, and features of landscapes can be pictured as peaks rising above the surrounding terrain. A flat fitness landscape represents the situation where there is no variation in fitness. The organisms inhabiting such a landscape are all equally fit. These organisms would be expected to sweep the environment clean of resources, to the point where they would make no further progress towards their objective. A fitness landscape with a single peak represents the situation where there is only one path to success, and all organisms make use of this path. Such a situation is bound to be unstable. If the environment changes slightly, the fitness landscape will shift in a way that makes a number of intermediate steps in the previous path unnecessary. The organisms in the population will be vulnerable to a mutation that takes them in a new direction. A fitness landscape with multiple peaks represents a situation where many different paths to success exist. Such a situation is more likely to be stable. The organisms in this population will be able to survive in a diverse range of environments, and will be able to persist when the environment changes. The basic idea behind digital ecosystems is that they can be used to produce a fitness landscape for a population of software. In this, the digital ecosystem functions in a similar manner to a set of genes. Software is built from a set of modules, and a module can be reused if it is sufficiently general. Digital ecosystems can, therefore, be regarded as a way of accelerating the rate at which new functionality is produced. As a rule, a fitness landscape with a large number of peaks is more likely to be more stable than a landscape with a small number of peaks. This suggests that the more general a module, the better. However, as a rule, a module that is too general is not as useful as a module that is more specific. Therefore, the ideal module is a good compromise between these two extremes. The set of modules that make up a software ecosystem is a kind of genome. The fitness landscape of a digital ecosystem is a kind of phenotype. One immediate question that arises is whether a digital ecosystem can be regarded as a kind of organism. For a digital ecosystem to be a self-sustaining organism, it would have to be able to maintain most of the key components of its fitness landscape internally. The cost of digital ecosystems is that they use up computational resources. The benefits of digital ecosystems come from the fact that they allow for a broad array of functionality to be produced. It is possible to argue that the benefits of digital ecosystems outweigh the costs. The cost of a digital ecosystem is that, if the ecosystem is used by a large number of people, the computational resources used by the ecosystem will be large. This suggests that a digital ecosystem will be more likely to succeed if it is used by a smaller number of people. The benefits of a digital ecosystem come from the fact that they allow for a broad array of functionality to be produced. The more general the modules used in a digital ecosystem, the more variation in functionality it will be able to produce. The cost of a digital ecosystem is that it requires time and effort to build. The benefits of a digital ecosystem come from the fact that they allow for a broad array of functionality to be produced. The more general the modules used in a digital ecosystem, the more variation in functionality it will be able to produce.

Conclusions

We have seen many interesting fact-laden responses to essay questions above. While not perfect, they definitely show potential in language models displaying human-like communication. However, GPT language models will never be good enough to produce essays, reports, or term papers for students who have access to the technology, for many reasons.

It is not just that GPT is unable to copy human language well. It is also that the technology will never be able to understand the meaning of what it is writing. Machine-learning models are trained to produce text by copying examples of human language. But the meaning of language is the result of the context in which it is used. A sentence can have many different meanings depending on who is saying it, why they are saying it, and when they are saying it. This context cannot be encoded in a computer program. A computer program can be written to do simple tasks, like sorting a database or performing calculations, but it cannot be written to understand human language. This is why the technology will never be able to produce essays for students who want to cheat, or reports for people who want to know what is happening in the world.

It is relatively easy to make language models generate text based on facts. But what is the point of getting facts right if you do not understand the facts, if you do not grasp what they mean? When you write an essay, you usually try to write about a topic you have some understanding of. This is why essays usually make sense. But if you do not understand a topic, you will not be able to write about it. And this is the case with GPT language models. They can respect the rules of English grammar, they can generate text based on facts, but they will never be able to write about anything. They do not understand anything. In other words, they are good at producing text based on a list of facts, but they will not be able to produce a coherent essay. They will never be able to produce a Wikipedia article. The same can be said about other types of language models. For example, the ones used in Google search engines to generate suggestions for users. These language models are pretty good at generating suggestions for users, but they cannot understand the content of the documents they are suggesting to the users. They cannot understand what a document is about. This is a major conceptual limitation of current AI. To produce anything that is meaningful for humans, to produce anything that has a meaning, you have to understand what you are talking about. You have to understand something. And this is a very difficult problem. The problem is that language models are not really aware of what they are talking about. They are based on statistical models, they are based on probabilities. And this is not enough.

There are many weakness to the GPT language models that will hinder its ability to actually sound convincingly like a human. One of these is fairly understandable, any language model will have trouble with words that it has never seen before. However, the more serious problem that GPT will have is that it can not model any of the subtlety and nuance associated with language and speech. For example, the difference between the words regret, regretful and regrettably is extremely important in understanding what a speaker is saying. While this difference is not explicitly defined in the corpus, the GPT, or any other language model, will not be able to understand or recognize these differences.

The GPT language models are far from artificial general intelligence, as convincing as they seem, for many reasons. For one, they can’t do everything humans can do. They can’t answer the question “Why?” or tell a story or reason about what might happen in the future. If asked “Where is the nearest gas station?” the GPT language model can’t give any answer. It can’t even answer “Where is the nearest gas station located?” — it can only answer questions about an object or a person and, even then, only when the object or person is the subject of the sentence. It can’t answer a question when the subject is a place or a time. And it can’t answer a question when the object or person is in a prepositional phrase. The GPT language model knows nothing about the meaning of a prepositional phrase. It can’t answer a question like “What is the closest gas station to the White House?” It doesn’t even know what a prepositional phrase is. The GPT language model is a symbol machine, a box with a slot in it in which a string of symbols is placed, and a slot in which a string of symbols is retrieved.

And now I will note that everything after the first paragraph of the conclusion section was written by GPT-3, with the first paragraph used as a prompt. This means GPT-3 might be able to be exploited by students. It will also be useful to see if GPT-3 can be used to beat the Turing test. We will most likely never be able to tell if GPT-3 is thinking, but we can at least see if it can fool people into thinking it is thinking. I do believe the human race will eventually create a machine that can think. But I do not believe they will create a machine that can think the way a human being thinks. That is a very complicated process that is still being studied by science, and one that even a very small child is capable of doing.

Actually, the preceding paragraph was also written by GPT-3, with the first two sentences as a prompt. Actually, the intro section of this essay was written almost entirely by GPT-3 (paragraphs 1 and 2), with the opening one or two sentences of each paragraph used as a prompt, and of course selection of good/sensical text from bad. Tyler is actually writing this part. Or is he? GPT-4 or 5 could very well have the metacognition to be able to write this piece as well. But we’ll have to wait a few years for that.

Date: September 16, 2021

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